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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Scratchbox 2</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Jolla" title="Jolla">Jolla</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">2009-04-01</td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release(s)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="margin:0px;">2.2.4<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
/ 2012-04-01</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle#Beta" title="Software release life cycle">Preview release(s)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="margin:0px;">2.3.90<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
/ 2012-09-05</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Build_automation" title="Build automation">Build automation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="LGPL_license" class="mw-redirect" title="LGPL license">LGPL</a> 2.1<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sailfishos/scratchbox2">github<wbr>.com<wbr>/sailfishos<wbr>/scratchbox2</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Scratchbox 2</b> (often abbreviated to "<b>sb2</b>" or "<b>sbox2</b>") is a cross-compilation toolkit designed to make embedded Linux application development easier. It also provides a full set of tools to integrate and <a href="Cross_compiler" title="Cross compiler">cross-compile</a> an entire <a href="Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distribution</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Predecessor">Predecessor</h2></div>
<p><b>Scratchbox</b> was a <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> embedded application development toolkit which also provided <a href="Cross_compiler" title="Cross compiler">cross compilation</a> support for <a href="Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a>.
</p><p>The project was initially developed by <a href="Movial" title="Movial">Movial</a> and was sponsored by <a href="Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>. It was licensed under the GNU General Public License (<a href="GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL">GPL</a>).
</p><p>Scratchbox was designed for the <a href="Maemo" title="Maemo">Maemo</a> development platform (Nokia <a href="Nokia_770_Internet_Tablet" title="Nokia 770 Internet Tablet">770</a>, <a href="N800" class="mw-redirect" title="N800">N800</a>, <a href="N810" class="mw-redirect" title="N810">N810</a> Internet Tablets and Nokia <a href="Nokia_N900" title="Nokia N900">N900</a> and <a href="Nokia_N9" title="Nokia N9">N9</a> phones) and supported <a href="ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM architecture</a> and <a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a>. Targets like <a href="PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a> and <a href="MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS architecture</a> worked at experimental level.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functional_description">Functional description</h2></div>
<p>In the Linux world, when <a href="Software_build" title="Software build">building software</a>, many parameters are auto-detected on the host system (like installed libraries and system configuration), for example through <a href="GNU_Autotools" title="GNU Autotools">Autotools</a>' <a href="Configure_script" title="Configure script"><code>./configure</code> scripts</a>. When one wants to build software for an embedded target by cross-compilation, most auto-detected parameters are incorrect: I.e. host configuration is not the same as the <a href="Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded target</a>'s configuration, hence the name cross-compilation.
</p><p>Without Scratchbox 2, one has to manually set many parameters and <a href="Hack_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hack (computer science)">"hack"</a> the "configure process" to generate working executable code for the embedded target.
</p><p>Scratchbox 2 allows one to set up a <a href="Virtualization" title="Virtualization">"virtual"</a> environment that will trick Autotools and other executables into thinking that they are directly running on the embedded target with its configuration.
</p><p>Moreover, Scratchbox 2 provides a technique called "CPU-transparency" that goes further: With "CPU-transparency", executables built for the host CPU or for the target CPU could be executed directly on the host with sb2 handling the task to emulate a different <a href="Instruction_set_architecture" title="Instruction set architecture">CPU-architecture</a> if necessary to run software components compiled for the target CPU. Hence a <a href="Build_automation" title="Build automation">build process</a> can mix using programs built for different CPU-architectures. That is especially useful when a build process requires to build a software component first as a <a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">build dependency</a> for building another software component: For example, a <a href="Lexical_analysis" title="Lexical analysis">"Lexer"</a> must be built first in order to generate code for / of another software component with it.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_Git_repositories_of_Scratchbox_2">Historic Git repositories of Scratchbox 2</h2></div>
<ul><li><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/BinChengfei/scratchbox2">BinChengfei/scratchbox2</a></code> at <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> provides an unaltered mirror of the former Scratchbox 2 <a href="Git" title="Git">Git</a> repository at <a href="Gitorious" title="Gitorious">Gitorious</a> with its latest Git tag being <code>2.3.90</code> on 2012-09-05.</li>
<li><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/lbt/scratchbox2/tags">lbt/scratchbox2</a></code> (up to tag <code>pkg-mer-2.3.90-4</code> on 2013-04-25) and <code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/mer-packages/scratchbox2/tags">mer-packages/scratchbox2</a></code> (up to tag <code>2.3.90-git2</code> on 2014-03-05), both at GitHub, show intermediate states before the <a href="Mer_(software_distribution)#Revival_with_"MeeGo_Reconstructed"" title="Mer (software distribution)">Nemo / Mer merger</a>, when Scratchbox 2's active source tree was moved to the now dissolved <code>git.merproject.org</code>.</li>
<li>The continuation of the former source code repository <code>git.merproject.org/mer-core/scratchbox2</code> is <code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sailfishos/scratchbox2">sailfishos/scratchbox2</a></code> at GitHub, which contains all commit history and Git tags of all aforementioned Git repositories.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sailfishos/scratchbox2/tree/2.2.4">"Scratchbox 2.2.4"</a>. <i>Scratchbox 2 (sb2)</i>. 2012-04-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-27</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sailfishos/scratchbox2/tree/2.3.90">"Scratchbox 2.3.90"</a>. <i>Scratchbox 2 (sb2)</i>. 2012-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-27</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sailfishos/scratchbox2?tab=LGPL-2.1-1-ov-file#readme">"LGPL-2.1 license"</a>. <i>Scratchbox 2</i>. 2013-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-26</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sailfishos/scratchbox2/tree/master/docs">Scratchbox 2 documentation</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602210814/http://maemo.gitorious.org/scratchbox2">An archived version of the original Scratchbox 2 website</a> at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2013-06-02)</li></ul>
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</style><div id="Mobile_operating_systems880" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Mobile operating systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_mobile_operating_systems" title="Comparison of mobile operating systems">Comparison</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones, OSes</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_Handset_Alliance" title="Open Handset Alliance">Open Handset Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_Mobile_Alliance" title="Open Mobile Alliance">Open Mobile Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Mobile app distributions</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Mobile app development</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Active</b>: <a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_custom_Android_distributions" title="List of custom Android distributions">forks</a></li>
<li><a href="Android_Go" title="Android Go">Android Go</a></li>
<li><a href="Wear_OS" title="Wear OS">Wear OS</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a>, <a href="HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a> (Linux kernel subsystem)</li>
<li><a href="ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a>
<ul><li><a href="ChromeOS_Flex" title="ChromeOS Flex">ChromeOS Flex</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="KaiOS" title="KaiOS">KaiOS</a>
<ul><li><a href="HMD_Global#Smart_Feature_OS" title="HMD Global">Smart Feature OS</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle firmware</a></li>
<li><a href="LuneOS" title="LuneOS">LuneOS</a></li>
<li><a href="Maemo#Maemo_Leste" title="Maemo">Maemo Leste</a></li>
<li><a href="Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="Bada_(operating_system)" title="Bada (operating system)">Bada</a></li>
<li><a href="Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a>
<ul><li><a href="B2G_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="B2G OS">B2G OS</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a></li>
<li><a href="MontaVista" title="MontaVista">MontaVista</a>
<ul><li><a href="MotoMagx" title="MotoMagx">MotoMagx</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobilinux" title="Mobilinux">Mobilinux</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="OpenEmbedded" title="OpenEmbedded">OpenEmbedded</a>
<ul><li><a href="%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m_distribution" title="Ångström distribution">Ångström</a></li>
<li><a href="Openmoko_Linux" title="Openmoko Linux">Openmoko Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="QtMoko" class="mw-redirect" title="QtMoko">QtMoko</a></li>
<li><a href="SHR_(operating_system)" title="SHR (operating system)">SHR</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="OpenEZX" title="OpenEZX">OpenEZX</a></li>
<li><a href="WebOS" title="WebOS">WebOS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a>/<br><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Active</b>: <a href="Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora Mobility</a></li>
<li><a href="Manjaro" title="Manjaro">Manjaro</a> ARM</li>
<li><a href="PostmarketOS" title="PostmarketOS">postmarketOS</a></li>
<li><a href="PureOS" title="PureOS">PureOS</a></li>
<li><a href="Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a></li>
<li><a href="SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a></li>
<li><a href="Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a>
<ul><li><a href="UBports" class="mw-redirect" title="UBports">UBports</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobian" title="Mobian">Mobian</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="Maemo" title="Maemo">Maemo</a>
<ul><li><a href="Mer_(software_distribution)" title="Mer (software distribution)">Mer</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Moblin" title="Moblin">Moblin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>
<ul><li><a href="IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></li>
<li><a href="WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a>
<ul><li><a href="BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li>
<li><a href="BlackBerry_Tablet_OS" title="BlackBerry Tablet OS">BlackBerry Tablet OS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft<br>Windows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Windows_XP_editions#Tablet_PC_Edition" title="Windows XP editions">Windows XP Tablet PC Edition</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a>
<ul><li><a href="Windows_Phone_7" title="Windows Phone 7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Phone_8" title="Windows Phone 8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Phone_8.1" title="Windows Phone 8.1">8.1</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">Windows RT</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>
<ul><li><a href="Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Zircon_(microkernel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zircon (microkernel)">Zircon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Fuchsia_(operating_system)" title="Fuchsia (operating system)">Fuchsia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="PlayStation_Vita_system_software" title="PlayStation Vita system software">PlayStation Vita system software</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a>,<br><a href="HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Active</b>: <a href="OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a></li>
<li><a href="HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a>
<ul><li><a href="HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<ul><li><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a> (non GMS-based)</li>
<li><a href="LiteOS" title="LiteOS">LiteOS</a></li>
<li>Huawei Band OS</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="FreeRTOS" title="FreeRTOS">FreeRTOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Amazfit OS
<ul><li>Zepp OS</li></ul></li>
<li>MIUI Band OS</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a><br>system software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Nintendo_3DS_system_software" title="Nintendo 3DS system software">Nintendo 3DS system software</a></li>
<li><a href="Nintendo_DSi_system_software" title="Nintendo DSi system software">Nintendo DSi system software</a></li>
<li><a href="Nintendo_Switch_system_software" title="Nintendo Switch system software">Nintendo Switch system software</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Minix_3" title="Minix 3">Minix 3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Intel_Management_Engine" title="Intel Management Engine">Intel Management Engine</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="S60_(software_platform)" title="S60 (software platform)">S60</a></li>
<li><a href="Series_80_(software_platform)" title="Series 80 (software platform)">S80</a></li>
<li><a href="Series_90_(software_platform)" title="Series 90 (software platform)">S90</a></li>
<li><a href="UIQ" title="UIQ">UIQ</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Binary_Runtime_Environment_for_Wireless" title="Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless">Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless</a> (BREW)</li>
<li><a href="BlackBerry_OS" title="BlackBerry OS">BlackBerry OS</a></li>
<li><a href="EPOC_(operating_system)" title="EPOC (operating system)">EPOC</a></li>
<li><a href="GEOS_(16-bit_operating_system)" title="GEOS (16-bit operating system)">GEOS</a></li>
<li><a href="Magic_Cap" title="Magic Cap">Magic Cap</a></li>
<li><a href="Nokia_Asha_platform" title="Nokia Asha platform">Nokia Asha platform</a></li>
<li><a href="PalmDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PalmDOS">PalmDOS</a></li>
<li><a href="Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a></li>
<li><a href="PlayStation_Portable_system_software" title="PlayStation Portable system software">PlayStation Portable system software</a></li>
<li><a href="Series_30" class="mw-redirect" title="Series 30">S30</a></li>
<li><a href="Series_30%2B" title="Series 30+">S30+</a></li>
<li><a href="Series_40" title="Series 40">S40</a></li>
<li><a href="Sony_Ericsson_Java_Platform" title="Sony Ericsson Java Platform">Sony Ericsson Java Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="ThreadX" title="ThreadX">ThreadX</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="Portal%3ASoftware" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Software">Software</a></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Mobile operating systems</li>
<li>Mobile applications</li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3ATelecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mobile_phones689" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mobile_phones689" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Mobile<br>networks</a>,<br>protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Channel_capacity" title="Channel capacity">Channel capacity</a></li>
<li><a href="Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequencies</a></li>
<li><a href="Multi-band_device" title="Multi-band device">Multi-band</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Network operator</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_mobile_network_operators" title="List of mobile network operators">list</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Roaming" title="Roaming">Roaming</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phone_signal" title="Mobile phone signal">Signal</a></li>
<li><a href="SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a>
<ul><li><a href="Dual_SIM" title="Dual SIM">dual SIM</a></li>
<li><a href="ESIM" title="ESIM">eSIM</a></li>
<li><a href="SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">SIM lock</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Standards comparison</a></li>
<li><a href="Tethering" title="Tethering">Tethering</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_VoIP" title="Mobile VoIP">VoIP</a></li>
<li><a href="Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a></li>
<li><a href="XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML-MP</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Analogue</b>:</li>
<li><a href="Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li>
<li><a href="1G" title="1G">1G</a></li>
<li><b>Digital</b>:</li>
<li><a href="2G" title="2G">2G</a></li>
<li><a href="3G" title="3G">3G</a>
<ul><li><a href="3G_adoption" title="3G adoption">adoption</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a></li>
<li><a href="4G" title="4G">4G</a></li>
<li><a href="LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.5G</a></li>
<li><a href="5G" title="5G">5G</a></li>
<li><a href="6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br>operation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_phone_feature" title="Mobile phone feature">Features</a></li>
<li><a href="GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>
<ul><li><a href="GSM_services" title="GSM services">services</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Operating system</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Security</a>
<ul><li><a href="Phone_cloning" title="Phone cloning">phone cloning</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Telephony</a>
<ul><li><a href="Airplane_mode" title="Airplane mode">airplane mode</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">Text messaging</a>
<ul><li><a href="Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">SMS</a></li>
<li><a href="Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a></li>
<li><a href="Rich_Communication_Services" title="Rich Communication Services">RCS</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phone_spam" title="Mobile phone spam">Spam</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Tracking</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_web" title="Mobile web">Web browsing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile<br>devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Manufacturers</b></li>
<li><a href="List_of_3D-enabled_mobile_phones" title="List of 3D-enabled mobile phones">3D phone</a></li>
<li><a href="Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></li>
<li><a href="Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li>
<li><a href="Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature phone</a></li>
<li><a href="Projector_phone" title="Projector phone">Projector phone</a></li>
<li><a href="Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li>
<li><a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Form factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Bar" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Bar</a></li>
<li><a href="Clamshell_design" title="Clamshell design">Flip</a></li>
<li><a href="Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li>
<li><a href="Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slider" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slider</a></li>
<li><a href="Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slate" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slate</a></li>
<li><a href="Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li>
<li><a href="Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Fold</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Comparison_of_smartphones" title="Comparison of smartphones">Smartphones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android devices</a>
<ul><li><a href="Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">rooting</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="BlackBerry_10#Devices" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li>
<li><a href="IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>
<ul><li><a href="IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones</a></li>
<li><a href="Comparison_of_Symbian_devices" title="Comparison of Symbian devices">Symbian devices</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Windows_phones" title="List of Windows phones">Windows Phone devices</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile<br>specific<br><a href="Software" title="Software">software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Development</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Distribution</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_application_management" title="Mobile application management">Management</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Banking</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Marketing</a>
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_advertising" title="Mobile advertising">advertising</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_campaign" title="Mobile campaign">campaigns</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Payments</a>
<ul><li><a href="Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_donating" title="Mobile donating">donating</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Ticketing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_content" title="Mobile content">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Blogging</a></li>
<li><a href="Push_email" title="Push email">Email</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_gambling" title="Mobile gambling">Gambling</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Gaming</a></li>
<li><a href="MHealth" title="MHealth">Health</a></li>
<li><a href="Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li>
<li><a href="M-learning" title="M-learning">Learning</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_music" title="Mobile music">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">News</a></li>
<li>Search
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_local_search" title="Mobile local search">local</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Social</a>
<ul><li><a href="Mobile_social_address_book" title="Mobile social address book">address book</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Television</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Box_breaker" title="Box breaker">Box breaking</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phone_charm" title="Mobile phone charm">Charms</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Comics</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_dating" title="Mobile dating">Dating</a></li>
<li><a href="Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Japanese culture</a></li>
<li><a href="Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">Novels</a></li>
<li><a href="Ringtone" title="Ringtone">Ringtones</a>
<ul><li><a href="Silent_mode" title="Silent mode">silent mode</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a></li>
<li><a href="SMS_language" title="SMS language">Txt-spk</a></li>
<li><a href="Wallpaper_(computing)" title="Wallpaper (computing)">Wallpaper</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment<br>and health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">BlackBerry thumb</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Driving safety</a></li>
<li><a href="Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a></li>
<li><a href="Common_external_power_supply" title="Common external power supply">External power supply</a></li>
<li><a href="Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">Mental health from overuse</a></li>
<li><a href="Phantom_vibration_syndrome" title="Phantom vibration syndrome">Phantom vibration syndrome</a></li>
<li><a href="Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Radiation and health</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Law" title="Law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Carrier_IQ" title="Carrier IQ">Carrier IQ</a></li>
<li><a href="Legality_of_recording_by_civilians" title="Legality of recording by civilians">Legality of recording by civilians</a></li>
<li><a href="Mobile_phones_in_prison" title="Mobile phones in prison">Mobile phones in prison</a></li>
<li><a href="Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li>
<li><a href="Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">Telephone tapping</a></li>
<li><a href="Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li>
<li><a href="Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_while_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States">USA use restrictions while driving</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ATelecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ATelephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Linux634" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Linux634" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="History_of_Linux" title="History of Linux">History</a></li>
<li><a href="Linus's_law" title="Linus's law">Linus's law</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux-libre" title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a></li>
<li><a href="Booting_process_of_Linux" title="Booting process of Linux">Booting process</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_kernel_oops" title="Linux kernel oops">Kernel oops</a></li>
<li><a href="Tux_(mascot)" title="Tux (mascot)">Tux</a></li>
<li><i>more…</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Criticism_of_Linux" title="Criticism of Linux">Criticism of Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="Criticism_of_desktop_Linux" title="Criticism of desktop Linux">Criticism of desktop Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="GNU/Linux_naming_controversy" title="GNU/Linux naming controversy">GNU/Linux naming controversy</a></li>
<li><a href="Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate" title="Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate">Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate</a></li>
<li><a href="SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO and Linux</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Distributions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_Linux_distributions" title="Comparison of Linux distributions">General comparison</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Linux_distributions" title="List of Linux distributions">Distributions list</a></li>
<li><a href="Comparison_of_netbook-oriented_Linux_distributions" title="Comparison of netbook-oriented Linux distributions">Netbook-specific comparison</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Linux_distributions_that_run_from_RAM" title="List of Linux distributions that run from RAM">Distributions that run from RAM</a></li>
<li><a href="Light-weight_Linux_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-weight Linux distribution">Lightweight</a></li>
<li><a href="Security-focused_operating_system#Linux" title="Security-focused operating system">Security-focused operating system</a></li>
<li><a href="Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package manager</a>
<ul><li><a href="Package_format" title="Package format">Package format</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_software_package_management_systems" title="List of software package management systems">List of software package managers</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="LinuxChix" title="LinuxChix">LinuxChix</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Counter" title="Linux Counter">Linux Counter</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Documentation_Project" title="Linux Documentation Project">Linux Documentation Project</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Mark_Institute" title="Linux Mark Institute">Linux Mark Institute</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_user_group" title="Linux user group">Linux User Group (LUG)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_adoption" title="Linux adoption">Adoption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_Linux_adopters" title="List of Linux adopters">Adopters</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_desktop_environments" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux desktop environments">Desktop</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_on_embedded_systems" title="Linux on embedded systems">Embedded</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux gaming">Gaming</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_for_mobile_devices" title="Linux for mobile devices">Mobile</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_range_of_use" title="Linux range of use">Range of use</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_malware" title="Linux malware">Linux malware</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="DistroWatch" title="DistroWatch">DistroWatch</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Free_Software_Magazine" title="Free Software Magazine">Free Software Magazine</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Full_Circle_(magazine)" title="Full Circle (magazine)">Full Circle</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Linux.com" title="Linux.com">Linux.com</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Linux_Format" title="Linux Format">Linux Format</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Linux_Gazette" title="Linux Gazette">Linux Gazette</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Linux_Journal" title="Linux Journal">Linux Journal</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Linux_Magazine" title="Linux Magazine">Linux Magazine</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="LinuxUser" title="LinuxUser">LinuxUser</a></i>
<ul><li><i><a href="Ubuntu_User" title="Ubuntu User">Ubuntu User</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Outlaws" title="Linux Outlaws">Linux Outlaws</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Linux_Voice" title="Linux Voice">Linux Voice</a></i></li>
<li><a href="LugRadio" title="LugRadio">LugRadio</a></li>
<li><a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a></li>
<li><a href="Phoronix_Test_Suite#Phoronix_website" title="Phoronix Test Suite">Phoronix</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Revolution_OS" title="Revolution OS">Revolution OS</a></i></li>
<li><a href="The_Code_(2001_film)" title="The Code (2001 film)"><i>The Code</i></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_computer_security_certifications" title="List of computer security certifications">Security<br>certifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="CompTIA_Linux%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="CompTIA Linux+">CompTIA Linux+</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Foundation_Linux_Certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux Foundation Linux Certification">Linux Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="Red_Hat_Certification_Program" title="Red Hat Certification Program">Red Hat</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ALinux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></b></li>
<li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AFree_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></b></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li></ul>
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